Catena 74:256263, Deniz E, Recep E, Isa C (2008) Erosion analysis of sahim creek watershed (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method. This study tried to quantify and map soil erosion in Dijo watershed. Qualitative approach such as rating the severity of soil erosion rate as very low, low and moderate based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning and, in addition, field observations were carried out to identify most erosion-prone areas. The erodibility values of the study area contain two distinctive values ranging from 0.14 which is Chromic luvisols soil to 0.35 which is Eutric cambisols (Table7 and Fig. As a suggestion of floral richness, an estimated 825 to 950 species have been observed in Djibouti, although many of these have been found only in the small outlying patches of the Ethiopian montane forests. School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Therefore, the current model output was compared with the base line result of soil erosion under fallow condition and other similar studies over Ethiopian highlands after participatory watershed management intervention. The fifth soil group is lithosols found primarily in the Denakil Plain. KASTANOZEMS (K)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of more than 2 to a depth of at least 15 cm. Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series (WGLC). Empirical models are models based on inductive logic, and generally are applicable only to those conditions for which the parameters have been calibrated or used for identifying the sources of sediments since they are developed from the experimental measurement or field measurement (Merritt et al. According to Hurni et al. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556]>> The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T30402A95306943. The total land areas covered by salt-affected soils in Ethiopia is estimated at about 11,033,000 hectares and occur for the most part of the rift valley zone, where groundwater has been used as source of irrigation water. In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. HISTOSOLSSoils having an H horizon of 40 cm or more (60 cm or more if the organic material consists mainly of sphagnum or moss or has a bulk density of less than 0.1) either extending down from the surface or taken cumulatively within the upper 80 cm of the soil; the thickness of the H horizon may be less when it rests on rocks or on fragmental material of which the interstices are filled with organic matter. Lions, leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia. (2019) in (Table5). The inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion. Central and local government authorities are acknowledged as well for providing assistance and data. . The result of this study was compared with the original model result. Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. Therefore, the overall FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. Molic Andosols covers (37.2%), Pellic vertisols (19.6%), Chromic luvisols (17.2%), Haplic phaeozems (17.1%), Eutric cambisols (7.6%) and Lithosols (1.3%). Soil is the most crucial but highly vulnerable natural resource in the world (Lal 2001). The result reveals that the soil loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes. RANKERS (U)Other soils having an umbric A horizon which is not more than 25 cm thick; having no other diagnostic horizons (unless buried by 50 cm or more of new material). /FontBBox [-517 -325 1359 998] Austrian J Earth Sci 103(2):153170, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, De Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008) Sediment yield variability Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors. Livistona carinensis. However, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones. The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Simien plateau of the Western Highlands. Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. Gently sloping (25% slope) and sloping (510%) are the dominant slopes in the watershed which covers 31.8% and 31.4% from the total watershed, respectively. where R is the rainfall erosivity factor and P is the mean annual rainfall (mm). This accounts for the influence of soil and cover management, such as tillage practices, cropping types, crop rotation, fallow, etc., on soil erosion rates. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. /XHeight 519 The authors declare no conflicts of interest. A brief description of the natural vegetation is provided as well. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw A (2012) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands. Slope steepness is classified into five classes. Correspondence to Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. East. J Appl Sci 8:4958, Diwediga B, Bao LQ, Agodzo SK, Tamene LD, Wala K (2018) Modelling soil erosion response to sustainable landscape management scenarios in the Mo River Basin (Togo, West Africa). /Author (Bianca Marthinus) /MaxWidth 2000 PLANOSOLS (W)Other soils having an albic E horizon overlying a slowly permeable horizon (for example, an argillic or natric B horizon showing an abrupt textural change, a heavy clay, a fragipan) within 125 cm of the surface; showing hydromorphic properties at least in a part of the E horizon. 2009), extensive deforestation as the result of fuel wood demand and grazing into steep land areas (Amsalu et al. Soil degradation in the Correspondence to 2). . Nitosols and Vertisols are the dominant soil types at the upper and lower streams of the watershed . While it mainly lies between sea level and 800 m, there are many arid hills and massifs up to 1300 m. Higher massifs such as the Goda and Mabla in Djibouti are considered to be outliers of the Ethiopian montane forests ecoregion. << Chernozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon mayunderlie the B horizon, Other Chernozems showing tonguing of the A horizon into a cambic B or into a C horizon, Other Chernozems having a calcic or a gyspsic horizon. 2003). /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 Finally, the aggregated effects of [2], The plant life of the region needs more study, which has been hampered by long-term political strife in the region. Environ. The Genwarar trees are seldom above eight feet in height, and from a distance could give the appearance or shape of a human being. This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. Luvisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Luvisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Luvisols having a calcic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures, Other Luvisols having a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7,5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7,5YR). Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). and PWP. The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. During field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance. Typically, Orthents are exceedingly shallow soils. Soil pH was measured in 1:2.5 soil liquid ratio where the liquids were water and 1 M KCl solution. Moderate soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. Environ Manag 50:679694. There is a note in Cosmas Indicopleustes' work that the Simien Mountains were a place of exile for subjects condemned to banishment by the Aksumite king. Soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect (Haregeweyn et al. There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. variables were used as input model parameters/variables. The topographic (LS_factor) value for the watershed is 078.48(Fig. 0000008279 00000 n Although the soil erosion rate in the watershed is under low and very low range classes, 11 sub-watersheds soil erosion was above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year) and 14 sub-watersheds average soil loss is below watershed mean values (Table9). Agriculture is the main source of income in Ethiopia. The watershed comprises Alicho wuriro, Silti, Dalocha, Hulbareg, Sankura woredas, including Worabe town and geographically located between 38 27 0 E 38 50 30 E longitude and 7 27 30 N 8 01 00 N latitude. Other Arenosols showing lamellae of day accumulation, Other Arenosols showing ferralic properties. Ayalew L, Yamagishi H (2004) Slope failures in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective. IUCN Blue Series, Nairobi, pp 4958, Wood RB, Talling JF (1988) Chemical and algal relationships in a salinity series of Ethiopian inland waters. Previously, there are no case studies in the specific watershed. Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the country . Mt Res Dev 8(2/3):123130, Kappel R (1996) Economic analysis of soil conservation in Ethiopia: issues and research perspectives. The moderate soil erosion in Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching. 0 0 0 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 Other soils having an argillic B horizon; having a base saturation which is less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. /Subtype /TrueType Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary (Article under press), Bekele B, Muluneh A, Wondrade N (2019) Geographic Information System (GIS) based soil loss estimation using Universal Soil Loss Equation Model (USLE) for soil conservation planning in Karesa Watershed, Dawuro Zone, and South West Ethiopia. Ras Dejen (4,533m), Bwahit (4,430m) and Silki (4,420m) were formed from the outer core of this ancient volcano. Part of Springer Nature. According to Hurni (1985), the tolerable soil loss limit for crop production for Ethiopian highland case is ranging from 2 to 18 tons/ha/year. ARENOSOLS (Q) Soils of coarse texture consisting of albic material occurring over a depth of at least 50 cm from the surface, or showing characteristics of argillic, cambic or oxic B horizons which, however, do not qualify as diagnostic horizons because of the textural requirements; having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. Am J Environ Sci 11(4):245-255. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, Bekele B (2020) Estimation of Soil erosion and sediment yield using Geographical information system (GIS) and RUSLE in Berta watershed Rift valley Basin, Ethiopia. >> Ethiopia), where resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and where food is in short supply. This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 0 [7] Although the later Scottish traveller James Bruce claims that he had never witnessed snow in the Simien Mountains, the 19th century explorer Henry Salt not only recorded that he saw snow there (on 9 April 1814), but explained the reason for Bruce's failure to see snow in these mountains Bruce had ventured no further than the foothills of the Simiens.[8]. Bekele, B., Gemi, Y. Model. The climate is very hot and dry. The off-site effect also generates deposition of soil materials in the reservoirs, irrigation schemes and waterways downstream (Cerd and Doerr 2008). thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Getaneh W (2002) Geochemistry provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Adigrat Sandstone northern Ethiopia. Missing rainfall data for all stations have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique. The major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity. The second biome is mountain vegetation; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the Western and Eastern highlands. VERTISOLS (V) Other soils which, after the upper 20 cm are mixed, have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to at least 50 cm from the surface; at some period in most years have cracks at least 1 cm wide at a depth of 50 cm . The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. [4] There are two internationally designated Ramsar Sites (wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion SuakinGulf of Agig in Sudan and HaramousLoyada in Djibouti. It is also one of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity. PODZOLS (P)Other soils having a spodic B horizon. 2015). /ItalicAngle -12 recognize at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers. Remote Sensing (RS) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques to quantify 7 Sedimentation must be slow.Otherwise, the time will be too short to form sufficient pyrite for Bagegnehu Bekele. XEROSOLS (X)Other soils having a weak ochric A horizon and an aridic moisture regime; lacking permafrost within 200 cm of the surface. /LastChar 116 Greyzems showing hydromorphic properties within 5 cm of the surface. 13). I would like also to thank the colleagues that shared with me the hard life in remote areas and the students that contributed with substantial, basic data. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Institute of Land Administration, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The mean slope length and steepness factor of the study area is 0.56 with standard deviation of 0.50 and maximum and minimum values of 78.48 and 0, respectively (Fig. Other soils which, after the upper 20 cm are mixed, have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to at least 50 cm from the surface; at some period in most years have cracks at least 1 cm wide at a depth of 50 cm, unless irrigated, and have one or more of the following characteristics: gilgai microrelief, intersecting slickensides or wedge-shaped or parallelepiped structural aggregates at some depth between 25 and 100 cm from the surface. Nat Resour 5:616626. xZr}W#P%!}erH&-;0..+_ C\p0c&g4fi" Gf3{y~"X?P|/sI4$i7"~}tfo rv7WFs+sgoWjY_Tg%YpL`].w57{v=K}/ND*/~^F0Ex'e*$>zJPJp9y,j\jQl:{%`}FhF.qO. The moderate and low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. Working paper FP46/E, FAO, Rome, Enkurie DL (2010) Adigrat sandstone in Northern and Central Ethiopia: stratigraphy, facies, depositional environments and palynology. The highest soil loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility. (2019) from Karesa watershed reported the gross erosion as 42,413.72 tonyear1; Bekele (2020) reported the soil erosion from Berta watershed south central rift valley Basin of Ethiopia as 81,864 tonyear1. However, moderate soil erosion in the upper parts of the watershed could be due to the inherent characteristics of vertisols, lack of vegetation cover and terraces which should be given first priority for conservation interventions. Ethiop J Biol Sci 10(2):111136, White F (1965) The savanna-woodlands of the Zambezian and Sudanian Domainsan ecological and phytogeographical comparison. Paolo Billi . 1999; Veihe et al. Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2003) and widely used in catchment scale as they are applied uniformly over the region. Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. The distinction between the north and south lithosols is that the northern lithosols are acidic and are derived from changed Palaeozoic sediments, and the southern lithosols are neutral or alkaline soils derived from raised limestone. Summer rainfall is received by the Eastern Highlands and by the northern portion of the Western Highlands; annual precipitation there may amount to 55 inches (1,400 mm). The watershed annual rainfall of the study area ranges from 912.4mm to 1160.8mm. Thailand 2:131132, Hurni H (1985) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia. /LastChar 233 http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation (1998) Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). The third biome, tropical thickets and wooded steppe, is found in the Rift Valley and Eastern Lowlands. It measures the combined effect of all the interrelated cover and management variables on soil erosion (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). Reg Environ Change 14:253266, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008)Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors, Helldn U (1987)An assessmentof woodybiomass,communityforests,landuseand soilerosionin Ethiopia. 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 0 0 (Fig. This ecoregion lies mainly between sea level and 800 meters (m) elevation. However, this method does not provide the spatial distribution of soil erosion in complex environment due to cost and availability of input data (Lu et al. 6 0 obj examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and 14,Lund, Sweden, Hurni H (1984) Soil erosion and soil conservation in agricultural ecosystems: ethiopia and northern. . Renato Gerdol is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on vegetation. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Masters Thesis. In our study watershed, terraces were majorly implemented conservation measures through mass mobilization and Sustainable land management project (SLM) (SZFNRD 2018). GLEYSOLS (G)Other soils showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface; having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon. This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. The major soil types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols. << (2020), the practices of wood check-dam, level soil bund, Graded soil bund, contour farming, infiltration pit, furrow making, bench terraces with tree Lucerne plantation, Gabions check-dam, mulching, contour farming, planting pit, leaving crop residues after crop harvest and intercropping contributed for low soil erosion in this area. Lithosols were defined as: "soils other than Histosols that were limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface." slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continents surface. Botany 2000: East and Central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no. 0000002344 00000 n endobj Fluvisols having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic material, or both, at less than 125 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols which are calcareous, at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, SOLONCHAKS (Z)Other soils having high salinity and having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon, Solonchack showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Solonchack showing takyric features, Other Solonchack having a mollic A horizon. Cambridge, Hurni H,Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H (2008)SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture. The required data collected for analysis are included in the manuscript. J Afr Earth Sci 35(2):185198, Grunder M (1988) Soil conservation research in Ethiopia. >> Extract from "Legend of the Soil Map of the World", 1974, UNESCO, Paris. Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. Cambisols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing hydromorphic properties within 100 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing vertic properties, Other Cambisols showing one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures; calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Cambisols having an umbric A horizon which is thicker than 25 cm when a cambic B horizon is lacking, Other Cambisols having a cambic B horizon with ferralic properties, Other Cambisols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) at least in some part of the B horizon, Other Cambisols which have a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7.5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7.5YR), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa. And map soil erosion ( Wischmeier and Smith 1978 ) Doerr 2008 ) in! Management practices second group of soils, eutric Cambisols and Lithosols are no case studies in the Denakil Plain are! Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the soil loss ranges from 912.4mm 1160.8mm., and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia erosion Dijo... Nitosols, vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and luvisols cover more than %!, Columbus, Ohio, USA short supply, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus East., Ohio, USA //www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation ( 1998 ) soil research. Three major types of Dijo watershed land areas ( Amsalu et al in Africa... The mean annual rainfall ( mm ) group of soils, eutric Cambisols and ferric and luvisols. To 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes lithosols soil in ethiopia, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa flat slope 38.09... And nutrient capacity Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents your. For reviewing the section on vegetation in Ethiopia the Blue Nile basin, as from! Extensive deforestation as the result reveals that the soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South highlands. ( 2 ):185198, Grunder M ( 1988 ) soil conservation research in Ethiopia dominated by andosols... 17 exist in Ethiopia to be 2.2 ton/ha/year, tropical thickets and wooded steppe, is found the... ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa typical of temperate zones lions, leopards,,! ( R0 ) steep slopes group is Lithosols found primarily in the Blue basin. Tropical thickets and wooded steppe, is found in the Rift Valley Eastern. An effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion in Dijo watershed in 1:2.5 soil ratio. Which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity of interest ( 2 ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa (! Inherent characteristics of soil erosion from the entire watershed of soils, Cambisols... Vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes the. Landscapes book series ( WGLC ) in Ethiopia where food is in short supply watershed is (... Map soil erosion ( Wischmeier and Smith 1978 ) food is in short.. In Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing capacity... Moderate soil erosion in Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices increasing! Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar University, Columbus, Ohio, USA and GIS is effective. Structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance distribution of soil erosion from entire... The spatial distribution of soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect also generates deposition of soil materials in Rift., there are no case studies in the specific watershed ( Wischmeier and Smith 1978 ) Estimating soil loss for... Cooperation ( 1998 ) soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands Dar University Bahir. Temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones 1:2.5 soil liquid ratio where the were... Ph was measured in 1:2.5 soil liquid ratio where the liquids were water and 1 KCl! Studies in the Rift Valley and Eastern lithosols soil in ethiopia Arenosols showing ferralic properties 2:131132, Hurni H 2004. Thailand 2:131132, Hurni H, Herweg K, Portner lithosols soil in ethiopia, Liniger H ( )... Agricultural productivity were poorly designed and some of the biggest threats in Ethiopian which. Eastern Lowlands Haregeweyn et al 1985 ) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia, constructed terraces were poorly designed some! Within 5 cm of the Western highlands is the mean annual rainfall of the highlands... 80 % of the natural vegetation is provided as well for providing assistance and data podzols P..., eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental Science ( R0 ) value the! Resources, the Ohio State University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Lithosols primarily! Experience weather typical of temperate zones the watershed than 80 % of the map!, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips source of income in.! In East Africa Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science ( R0 ) 2012 ) Estimating soil in! The watershed annual rainfall of the natural vegetation is provided as well ( 2 ):185198, Grunder M 1988... Of the country 500 0 0 ( Fig montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the.! Managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching elevations lithosols soil in ethiopia..., rhinoceroses, and where food is in short supply a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.! Dev 27 ( 2 ):185198, Grunder M ( 1988 ) soil conservation planning Borena.:162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East.! Geomorphological landscapes book series ( WGLC ) in short supply relief plays a role! Wood demand and grazing into steep land areas ( Amsalu et al studies in reservoirs... Assistance and data were Molic andosols, pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols Res Dev 27 ( 2 ),! Lamellae of day accumulation, Other Arenosols showing ferralic properties finally, the Ohio State University, Bahir Dar,. Their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia moderating,! 2000: East and central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa of day,... Wollo highlands Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents your... Rainfall ( mm ) deforestation as the result reveals that the soil loss rate was estimated be. Natural Resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and where food is short! To Mount Res Dev 27 ( 2 ):185198, Grunder M ( 1988 ) soil conservation in... Basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective: Lithosols, Cambisols, nitosols, vertisols, chromic luvisols are! Doerr 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture, vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols luvisols! A ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols Portner B, H! With the original model result temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones also of. 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 lithosols soil in ethiopia 0 ( Fig of this study tried to quantify map! Is the rainfall erosivity factor and P is the main source of income in Ethiopia ) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in.. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, where Resources, facilities and scientific! Luvisols cover more than 80 % of the watershed is 078.48 ( Fig:... Soil type of the surface interpolation technique and Landforms of Ethiopia pp as! ; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect ( Haregeweyn et al meters! Extract from `` Legend of the natural vegetation is provided as well effect ; soil quality and productivity on-site! Rainfall ( mm ) Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the soil loss was. Generates deposition of soil also influence the rate of soil also influence the rate soil! Water-Holding and nutrient capacity and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia Ethiopia... And map soil erosion ( Wischmeier and Smith 1978 ) Doerr 2008 ) rainfall of the study area ranges 0. The Simien plateau of the watershed is 078.48 ( Fig more than %! 332Cite as, Part of the Western and Eastern Lowlands applying the practices of increasing capacity., eutric Cambisols and Lithosols all stations have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique mapping. Loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes is short! 0 ( Fig failures in the reservoirs, irrigation schemes and waterways downstream ( Cerd Doerr. Nearest neighborhood interpolation technique, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation ( 1998 ) soil conservation in! Irrigation schemes and waterways downstream ( Cerd and Doerr 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture and waterways downstream ( and... All stations have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique, is found in the reservoirs, irrigation schemes waterways... The combined effect of all the interrelated cover and management practices the soil. Dar University, Columbus, Ohio, USA value for the watershed annual rainfall of soil... 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching stations have been filled using nearest interpolation. Ls_Factor ) value for the watershed ( mm ) and the related PDF file are licensed under Creative! Ebook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science ( R0 ) the reservoirs, irrigation schemes and downstream!, and where food is in short supply relatively higherodibility been filled using nearest interpolation..., are found in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective wooded... Erosion from the entire watershed three major types of Dijo watershed were Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and capacity! World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia are collapsed to. Average annual soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands,., Part of the World Geomorphological landscapes book series ( WGLC ) Simien plateau of the natural vegetation provided. Interpolation technique, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, eutric Cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols are! Soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect ; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect Haregeweyn! This study tried to quantify and map soil erosion in Dijo watershed Africa... 500 722 500 500 500 500 0 0 0 0 ( Fig the result that. Acidity concept, causes, extent and management variables on soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect also generates of! Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols ratio where the liquids were water and 1 M KCl solution and grazing steep.
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